The role of women in the reconstruction of Iraq

The topic concerns the very important role that women can play in the reconstruction of their country, in democratization, reconciliation, as well as in improving security. The participation and active involvement of women in this process is essential, not only to defend their rights but primarily because, as international experience has shown, women can facilitate the emergence, even from the ruins, of a peaceful and just society and contribute to the economic and social development of the country. Our Committee has previously taken similar initiatives, such as expressing solidarity and firm support for the women of Afghanistan. A delegation from our Committee was the first from the European Parliament to visit Afghanistan for a week in November 2002, and we would have gone to Iraq as well if security conditions had been better. The purpose of today’s public discussion is to highlight the crucial role of Iraqi women and their organizations in solving the problems faced by the country and to think about ways and means to promote the use of the valuable potential represented by women and Iraq’s exit from the crisis. Historically, women in Iraq had an important place in society, and their rights were protected thanks to the ancient laws of Hammurabi. The 1970 Constitution enshrined gender equality in all areas. Compared to other Arab countries, Iraqi women were in a much better position, as they had the right to paid work, political rights, could drive cars, and circulate with their heads uncovered, while education was compulsory for both girls and boys up to the age of 16. Women were also encouraged to continue their studies at universities. Only family law gave precedence to men. The situation worsened dramatically from 1990, after the invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War that followed. During this period until today, there has been strict enforcement of Sharia law and a significant regression in employment and education. Students, both male and female, abandoned school en masse for economic reasons. Regarding the current situation, insecurity and the fear of sexual violence or abduction keep women and girls at home, out of school, and out of the labor market. The failure of the occupying forces to protect women from violence has negative, immediate, and long-term consequences for women’s participation in post-war life in Iraq. Kidnappings of women and rapes are a daily occurrence in Baghdad. There is a complete security vacuum. However, most cases of violence are not reported because they could lead to “honor crimes” and social stigmatization. Insecurity also negatively affects women’s health, as there is difficulty accessing health services. It is, however, now the time, after this brief introduction, to give the floor to the experts and see how we can best utilize the knowledge we gain from today’s public discussion to strengthen the position and role of women in the reconstruction of Iraq and in the creation of a sustainable democracy.